1. Punjab State Dear 200 Monthly Lottery (Draw Date-, 08.00Pm) 3 Tickets Same Numbers. Buy Now View ticket price 100. Punjab State Dear 20 PLUS TUESDAY Monthly.
2. State lotteries have become a significant source of revenue for states, raising $17.6 billion in profits for state budgets in the 2009 fiscal year (FY) with 11 states collecting more revenue from their state lottery than from their state corporate income tax during FY2009.

The Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL) is an American non-profit, government-benefit association owned and operated by agreement of its 34-member lotteries. MUSL was created to facilitate the operation of multi-jurisdictional lottery games, most notably Powerball.

MUSL was formed in December 1987 by seven U.S. lotteries. Its first game was launched in February 1988, Lotto America. That game was changed to Powerball; its first drawing was in April 1992. Powerball was a unique game using two drums, suggested to MUSL by Steve Caputo of the Oregon Lottery.

DV-2019 Entrants have until September 30, 2019 to check the status of their entry through this website. The DV-2019 registration period was from October 18, 2017, until November 22, 2017. With Mega Millions fever sweeping the country, today we released a short report on state lottery withholding taxes. Some highlights: Lottery winnings of $600 or less are not reported to the IRS; winnings in excess of $5,000 are subject to a 25 percent federal withholding tax. When jackpot winners file their taxes, they find out.

Powerball/Mega Millions cross-selling[edit]

On October 13, 2009, MUSL signed an agreement with the consortium of states that operated the similar Mega Millions lottery, which allowed MUSL members to sell Mega Millions tickets and consortium members to sell Powerball tickets. On January 31, 2010, all but 2 of the 12 Mega Millions consortium lotteries began selling Powerball tickets. The consortium members did not join MUSL;^[1] they were licensed by MUSL to sell Powerball, and the consortium coordinates their Powerball participation with MUSL.^[2] Likewise, MUSL members may offer Mega Millions through a special MUSL product group that coordinates with the Mega Millions consortium.^[3]

Before the agreement, the only places that sold both Mega Millions and Powerball tickets were retailers that sat on state lines and offered multiple lotteries; one retailer on U.S. Route 62 straddling Sharon, Pennsylvania and Masury, Ohio sold both Mega Millions (via the Ohio Lottery) and Powerball (via the Pennsylvania Lottery) before the agreement and continues to be the only retailer to sell tickets for both states' lotteries.^[4]

As of 2016, Powerball and Mega Millions were both offered in 46 jurisdictions, including the District of Columbia and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Powerball is also offered in Puerto Rico, where Mega Millions is not currently offered.

Other games[edit]

Besides Powerball, MUSL has operated the Hot Lotto and 2by2 draw games, and the Monopoly Millionaires' Club scratch-game series, including the MMC television game show; the game show aired its final episode in April 2016. (Wild Card held its final drawing on February 24, 2016).

Since MUSL games are multi-jurisdictional, these games need unanimous approval before one is changed. In other words, game changes for Mega Millions (46 members) or 2by2 (three members) must be approved by all lotteries offering that game before a new format is implemented. Game changes often are made in hopes of increasing a game's membership.

MUSL has retired several games, including 2by2, Ca$hola (video lottery), Daily Millions, Lotto*America, Rolldown, and the Powerball scratchcard game; the latter was tied to a weekly television game show produced for two years in Hollywood, California called Powerball: The Game Show; then for two years from the Venetian Hotel in Las Vegas, called Powerball Instant Millionaire. 2by2 was played in a similar fashion as Daily Millions was, but with a smaller top prize. (The Hot Lotto game will be retired on October 28, 2017, with a new version of Lotto*America replacing it on November 12.)

In September 2007, MUSL launched Midwest Millions, a scratch ticket game, in Iowa and Kansas; it was the country's first multi-jurisdictional scratch game since the Powerball television game shows. Midwest Millions returned in 2008 and 2009.

Ca$hola was retired on May 15, 2011, when its 37th jackpot was won. A replacement multi-jurisdictional video lottery game, MegaHits, began on July 15, 2011 in Delaware, Rhode Island, and West Virginia, the three lotteries which offered Ca$hola; MegaHits has since been added in Maryland and Ohio.

Services[edit]

MUSL provides a variety of services for lotteries, including game design, management of game finances, production and up-linking of drawings, the development of common minimum information technology and security standards and inspections of lottery vendor sites; the building of a quantum-based Random number generator (RNG), coordination of common promotions and advertisements, coordination of public relations, and emergency back-drawing sites for lottery games. MUSL also hosts the Powerball website and the websites for more than a dozen U.S. lotteries. The Powerball website averages over 350,000 pageviews per day (over 10.5 million monthly.) MUSL provides these services to the lotteries at no cost. MUSL earns its income from non-game sources such as earnings on its accounts, bond swaps, and licensing of its trademarks. MUSL owns the patents and trademarks involved in its operations, holding them for the benefit of its members.

MUSL's former director is Chuck Strutt, who was the association's first employee in 1987. Strutt directly responded to players and writes MUSL's unusual FAQ, which elicits strong responses from readers who may find it humorous or insulting. ^[5]

MUSL games operate under the same core game rules in each jurisdiction; however, each lottery is free to vary rules pertaining to such things as purchase age, the claim period, and some validation processes.

Hot Lotto fraud scandal[edit]

In December 2010, a jackpot-winning ticket for the Hot Lotto jackpot was purchased near MUSL headquarters. However, the ticket was not claimed until just before the Iowa Lottery's one-year deadline. At that time, an attorney from New York state attempted to claim the jackpot on behalf of a Belizetrust. The trust later decided not to pursue the claim, to avoid revealing the purchaser's identity.^[6]

In January 2015, Edward Tipton, MUSL's Director of Information Security, was arrested. Authorities determined that he was the purchaser by reviewing a convenience store's video footage.^[7] In March 2015, a second man, Robert Rhodes, from Texas, was arrested in connection to the fraud.^[8]

Tipton was convicted in July 2015 of two counts of fraud and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He posted $10,000 bond and was released pending appeal.^[9] Authorities suspected that Tipton rigged drawings in at least four states, and as a result of their investigation he was charged in October 2015 for crimes in 2005 and 2007.^[6][10]

Eddie Tipton was sentenced to 25 years in an Iowa court in 2017 for gaming multiple lotteries by installing a rootkit in the computer running the RNG used by MUSL for the drawings. The rootkit changed the behavior of the RNG, allowing Tipton to predict the numbers that would be drawn. The MUSL gaming software had been approved by Gaming Laboratories International.^[11]

Members[edit]

MUSL's membership consists of 38 lotteries (including those of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands)^[1] which offered Powerball prior to the January 31, 2010 beginning of cross-selling with the 12 lotteries operating Mega Millions. Mississippi became the 35th state to join in 2019, with ticket sales planned for 2020.^[12]

The 38 MUSL members, alphabetically (and when joined):

• Arizona (1994)
• Arkansas (2009)
• Colorado (2001)
• Connecticut (1995)
• Delaware (1991)
• District of Columbia (1988)
• Florida (2009)
• Idaho (1990)
• Indiana (1990)
• Iowa (1988)
• Kansas (1988)
• Kentucky (1991)
• Louisiana (1995)
• Maine (1990–1992 and 2004–present)
• Minnesota (1990)
• Mississippi (2019)
• Missouri (1988)
• Montana (1989)
• Nebraska (1994)
• New Hampshire (1995)
• New Mexico (1996)
• New York (2019)^[13]
• North Carolina (2006)
• North Dakota (2004)
• Ohio (2002)
• Oklahoma (2006)
• Oregon (1988)
• Pennsylvania (2002)
• Puerto Rico (2014)^[14]
• Rhode Island (1988)
• South Carolina (2002)
• South Dakota (1990)
• Tennessee (2004)
• Texas (1992)
• US Virgin Islands (2002)
• Vermont (2003)
• West Virginia (1988)
• Wisconsin (1989)

References[edit]

1. ^ ^ab'MUSL - Home'. Retrieved 2020-10-28.
2. ^MUSL Powerball Group Rules, January 2010 (per Arkansas Scholarship Lottery)
3. ^MUSL Mega Millions Product Group Rules, December 2009 (per Arkansas Scholarship Lottery)
4. ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2016-01-09.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
5. ^'Ex-Lottery Official Received Severance Amid Jackpot Scandal'.
6. ^ ^ab'Jackpot-fixing investigation expands to more state lotteries'. Chicago Tribune. December 18, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
7. ^'Lottery vendor employee charged in Hot Lotto fraud case'. Des Moines Register. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
8. ^Maricle, Kelly (March 21, 2015). 'Second Arrest Made in HotLotto Jackpot Mystery'. WHOtv.com. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
9. ^Rodgers, Grant (September 9, 2015). 'Hot Lotto rigger seentenced to 10 years'. The Des Moines Register. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
10. ^Rodgers, Grant (October 9, 2015). 'Hot Lotto scammer accused of rigging other lotteries'. Des Moines Register. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
11. ^Forgrave, Reid (May 3, 2018). 'The man who cracked the lottery'. New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
12. ^Annison, Meg. 'Powerball and Mega Millions Coming to Mississippi in 2020!'(PDF). Mississippi Lottery Corporation. Mississippi Lottery Corporation. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
13. ^Markle, Terri (2019-06-28). 'New York Lottery to Join Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL)' (Press release). MUSL. The transition for the New York Lottery to join MUSL is scheduled to begin June 30, 2019.
14. ^Northrop, Todd (2014-10-01). 'Puerto Rico joins Powerball today'. Lottery Post.

External links[edit]

In the United States, lotteries are run by 48 jurisdictions: 45 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Lotteries are subject to the laws of and operated independently by each jurisdiction, and there is no national lottery organization. However, consortiums of state lotteries jointly organize games spanning larger geographical footprints, which in turn, carry larger jackpots. Two major lottery games, Mega Millions and Powerball, are both offered in nearly all jurisdictions that operate lotteries, and serve as de facto national lotteries.

In fiscal 2018, Americans spent $77.7 billion on various lotteries, up about $5 billion from 2017.^[1]

History[edit]

Historian Neal Millikan using newspaper advertisements in the colonial era found at least 392 lotteries were held in the 13 colonies.^[2]

Lotteries were used not only as a form of entertainment but as a source of revenue to help fund the colonies. The financiers of Jamestown, Virginia, for instance, funded lotteries to raise money to support their colony.^[3] These lotteries were quite sophisticated for the time period and even included instant winners.^[3] Not long after, each of the 13 original colonies established a lottery system to raise revenue.^[3]

In the early post-independence era, legislators commonly authorized lotteries to fund schools, roads, bridges, and other public works.^[4] Evangelical reformers in the 1830s began denouncing lotteries on moral grounds and petitioned legislatures and constitutional conventions to ban them.^[5] Recurring lottery scandals and a general backlash against legislative corruption following the Panic of 1837 also contributed to anti-lottery sentiments.^[5] From 1844 to 1859 alone, 10 new state constitutions contained lottery bans.^[5] By 1890, lotteries were prohibited in every state except Delaware and Louisiana.^[6]

Lotteries in the United States did not always have sterling reputations. One early lottery in particular, the National Lottery, which was passed by Congress for the beautification of Washington, D.C. and was administered by the municipal government, was the subject of a major U.S. Supreme Court decision – Cohens v. Virginia.^[7]

The lottery never paid out,^{[3][clarification needed]} and it brought to light the prevalent issue of crookedness amongst the lotteries in the United States. The wave of anti-lottery protests finally broke through when, by 1860, all states had prohibited lotteries except Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky.^[3] The scarcity of lotteries in the United States meant that tickets were shipped across the country and eventually led to the creation of illegal lotteries.^[3] In 1868, after years of illegal operation, the Louisiana State Lottery Company obtained a 25-year charter for its state lottery system.^[3] The charter was passed by the Legislature due to immense bribing from a criminal syndicate in New York.^[3] The Louisiana Lottery Company derived 90% of its revenue from tickets sold across state borders.^[3] These continued issues of corruption led to the complete prohibition of lotteries in the United States by 1895.^[3] It was discovered that the promoters of the Louisiana Lottery Company had accrued immense sums of money from illegitimate sources and that the Legislature was riddled with bribery.^[3] Before the advent of government-sponsored lotteries, many illegal lotteries thrived, such as number games.

Modern era[edit]

The first modern government-run US lottery was established in Puerto Rico in 1934.^[8] This was followed, decades later, by the New Hampshire lottery in 1964.Instant lottery tickets, also known as scratch cards, were introduced in the 1970s and have become a major source of lottery revenue. Individual lotteries often feature three-digit and four-digit games akin to numbers games; a five number game, and a six number game (the latter two often have a jackpot.) Some lotteries also offer at least one game similar to keno, and some offer video lottery terminals. Presently, many US lotteries support public education systems.

As of November 2019, lotteries are established in 45 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands; the most recent U.S. state to legalize a lottery is Mississippi, with lottery commission members receiving appointments on October 19, 2018.^[9]

The first U.S. multi-state lottery game was formed in 1985 in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont; its flagship game remains Tri-State Megabucks. In 1988, the Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL) was formed with Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia as its charter members; it is best known for Powerball, which was designed to create large jackpots. Another joint lottery, The Big Game (now called Mega Millions) was formed in 1996 by six lotteries as its charter members.

As of October 2020, each of the 44 state lotteries offer both Mega Millions and Powerball as a result of a 2009 agreement between the Mega Millions consortium and MUSL to cross-license their game to one another's members, although the two organizations continue to administer Mega Millions and Powerball separately. Mississippi was the most recent to join both, beginning sales in January 2020. Puerto Rico is the only jurisdiction not to offer both, as they do not offer Mega Millions.

State revenues[edit]

State lotteries have become a significant source of revenue for states, raising $17.6 billion in profits for state budgets in the 2009 fiscal year (FY) with 11 states collecting more revenue from their state lottery than from their state corporate income tax during FY2009.^[10]

Lottery policies within states can have conflicting goals.^[11] Given that instructions are passed down from state legislatures, lottery implementation is often expected to be carried out with reduced advertising and funding while still producing the same amount of revenue.^[11] This issue led states to look for loopholes in the system. Massachusetts, for example, had its advertising budget dramatically cut, and therefore started using free-play coupons as money to pay for advertising.^[11] This led to an IRS investigation into alleged non-reporting of income because the IRS considered the coupons to have monetary value.^[11]

States with no lotteries[edit]

Among the states that do not have lotteries, Alabama and Utah cite religious objections.^[12]Nevada's lucrative gambling industry has lobbied against a state lottery there, fearing the competition;^[13] similarly, the Mississippi Gaming Commission expressed concern that a state lottery would constitute a 'competing force' for gambling dollars spent at Mississippi casinos. Despite this, in August 2018, Mississippi passed legislation to create a state lottery. GovernorPhil Bryant expressed his support for the lottery to fund transportation in the state and has indicated he will sign the bill. Sales, initially only scratch tickets, began on November 25, 2019. Mega Millions and Powerball tickets became available to the state on January 30, 2020.^[14]

Alaska and Hawaii, being outside the contiguous United States, have not felt the pressure of losing sales to competitors.^[12] However in February 2020, Alaska's governor Mike Dunleavy introduced legislation proposing the establishment of an Alaska Lottery Corporation, as part of an effort to overcome a budgetary deficit.^[15]

New technologies[edit]

In recent years, new applications such as Lottery.com and Jackpocket were created for people to purchase lotteries over their smartphones.^[16]

U.S. lotteries[edit]

Key

2by2 = 2by2
C4L = Cash4Life
LA = Lotto America
LFL = Lucky for Life
TSM = Tri-State Megabucks consortium
0 = only multi-jurisdictional games are Mega Millions and/or Powerball

Other joint U.S. lotteries[edit]

These games also are offered by multiple lotteries.^[17] Some of these games feature a shared progressive jackpot (noted by °):

• 2by2 (3 lotteries): Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota
• Cash4Life (9): Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia
• Lotto America° (13): Delaware, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, West Virginia
• Lucky for Life (26): Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Vermont, Wyoming
• Tri-State Lottery (Megabucks Plus°, Pick 3 (Day & Night), Pick 4 (Day & Night), Fast Play°): Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont

And State Lottery Evening Result

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Washington State Lottery And School Funding

1. ^Horton, Alex (October 18, 2018). 'How Mega Millions and Powerball changed the odds to create monster jackpots'. The Washington Post. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
2. ^Millikan, Neal (2011). Lotteries in Colonial America. Routledge. p. 2. ISBN9781136674464.
3. ^ ^abcdefghijkRoger Dunstan (January 1997). 'History of Gambling in the United States'. Archived from the original on September 10, 2010.
4. ^McMaster, John Bach (1911). A History of the People of the United States: From the Revolution to the Civil War. Appleton and Company. p. 588.
5. ^ ^abcSzymanski, Ann-Marie E. (2003). Pathways to Prohibition: Radicals, Moderates, and Social Movement Outcomes. Duke University Press. pp. 95–96. ISBN978-0-8223-3169-8.
6. ^John Houston Merrill; Charles Frederic Williams; Thomas Johnson Michie; David Shephard Garland (1890). The American and English Encyclopædia of Law: Least to Mail. Edward Thompson Company. p. 1172.
7. ^Jean Edward Smith, John Marshall: Definer Of A Nation, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1996, pp. 456-459
8. ^'Ley Núm. 74 de 2006 -Ley del Programa de Ayuda a Jugadores Compulsivos de Puerto'. Lexjuris.com. Retrieved July 26, 2012.
9. ^Howard, Morgan. 'Gov. Bryant appoints MS Lottery Corporation board of directors'. wlox.com. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
10. ^'U.S. lotteries and the state taxman'. Reuters. July 15, 2011.
11. ^ ^abcdNGISC (August 3, 1999). 'National Gambling Impact Study Commission Lotteries'.
12. ^ ^ab'Five states that don't have lotteries'. Playport. July 30, 2019. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
13. ^'Knowing Vegas: Why doesn't Nevada have a state lottery?'. Las Vegas Review-Journal. April 11, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
14. ^'Mississippi lottery bill passes House, headed to governor'. WAPT. Associated Press. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
15. ^Maguire, Sean. 'Governor proposes independent corporation to run an Alaska lottery'. ktuu.com. Retrieved May 26, 2020.
16. ^'Jackpocket App Allows You to Buy Lottery Tickets Using Your Phone'. ABC News. September 29, 2015.
17. ^'Games'. Multi-State Lottery Association. Archived from the original on May 19, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2016.

Further reading[edit]

• Dasgupta, Anisha S. 'Public Finance and the Fortunes of the Early American Lottery.' QLR 24 (2005): 227+ Online
• Millikan, Neal. Lotteries in Colonial America (2011). excerpt
• Watson, Alan D. 'The Lottery in Early North Carolina.' North Carolina Historical Review 69.4 (1992): 365-387. Online